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The history of human activity in Nauru, an island country in the Pacific Ocean, began roughly 3,000 years ago when 12 Micronesian and Polynesian clans settled the island. == Early history == Nauru was first settled by Micronesian and Polynesian peoples at least 3,000 years ago.〔Nauru Department of Economic Development and Environment. 2003. (First National Report To the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) ) URL Accessed 2006-05-03 〕 Nauruans subsisted on coconut and pandanus fruit, and engaged in aquaculture by catching juvenile ''ibija'' fish, acclimated them to freshwater conditions, and raised them in Buada Lagoon, providing an additional reliable source of food. Traditionally only men were permitted to fish on the reef, and did so from canoes or by using trained man-of-war hawks. There were traditionally 12 clans or tribes on Nauru, which are represented in the 12-pointed star in the nation's flag. Nauruans traced their descent on the female side. The first Europeans to encounter the island were on the British whaling ship ''Hunter'', in 1798. When the ship approached, "many canoes ventured out to meet the ship. The ''Hunter''s crew did not leave the ship nor did Nauruans board, but Captain John Fearn's positive impression of the island and its people" led to its English name, Pleasant Island.〔McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000. ''Paradise for Sale''. University of California Press ISBN 978-0-520-22229-8 pp 29-30〕 This name was used until Germany annexed the island 90 years later. From around 1830, Nauruans had contact with Europeans from whaling ships and traders who replenished their supplies (such as fresh water) at Nauru. The islanders traded food for alcoholic toddy and firearms. The first Europeans to live on the island, starting perhaps in 1830, were Patrick Burke and John Jones, Irish convicts who had escaped from Norfolk Island, according to ''Paradise for Sale''.〔McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000. ''Paradise for Sale''. University of California Press ISBN 978-0-520-22229-8 pp 30〕 Jones became "Nauru's first and last dictator," who killed or banished several other beachcombers who arrived later, until the Nauruans banished Jones from the island in 1841.〔McDaniel, C. N. and Gowdy, J. M. 2000. ''Paradise for Sale''. University of California Press ISBN 978-0-520-22229-8 pp 31〕 The introduction of firearms and alcohol destroyed the peaceful coexistence of the 12 tribes living on the island. A 10-year internal war began in 1878 and resulted in a reduction of the population from 1,400 (1843) to around 900 (1888).〔(Nauru ). State.gov (2012-10-24). Retrieved on 2013-07-28.〕 Ultimately, alcohol was banned and some arms were confiscated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Nauru」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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